The Underwater World Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

The Underwater World Essay, Research Paper The Underwater World # 8220 ; There you are, wholly weightless, softly surging merely above the sea floor with merely the smallest sum of physical effort. Small fish come out of their holes to look at you. How about that? You are the wonder. You are the thing that does non belong. Possibly this is why you dive. You are taking portion in researching adult male # 8217 ; s last ecological frontier. The really thought would excite anyone whose blood still flows in his venas. The frogman is the perceiver, he looks at everything he can. He wholly forgets the outside universe # 8221 ; ( Reseck 4 ) . When I foremost read this piece, I got pilomotor reflexs. For old ages adult male has explored this huge existence, passing 1000000s of dollars, and merely doing a bantam abrasion on its surface. For me, to be able to research a universe wholly different from mine sounds like an chance of a life-time. We will write a custom essay sample on The Underwater World Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I had to take a subject for my senior undertaking, scuba diving was the most compelling of all. This paper is about the development and usage, the techniques, and the physiological concerns of aqualung diving. Man underwater dates all the manner back to the Iliad, but athleticss plunging for merriment and for a profession is reasonably new. If one has of all time been underwater, he should cognize that external respiration is impossible. In the early 1940 # 8217 ; s, Jaques Yves-Cousteau, a Frenchman, developing something that is now a really of import plus to scuba diving. It is known to us as a # 8220 ; regulator. # 8221 ; The regulator conserved air by let go ofing merely the sum of air the Korell 2 diver needed to take a breath. This increased the clip the frogman could remain down on one armored combat vehicle of air to about one hr if he were in shallow deepnesss. Cousteau # 8217 ; s regulator was simple and cheap and marked the beginning of the athletics of scuba diving. The athletics grew slightly easy through the late 40 # 8217 ; s and early 50 # 8217 ; s because, although the frogman could now remain underwater for an drawn-out period of clip, in most parts of the universe the H2O was so cold that he was forced to go forth the H2O after a short clip ( Reseck 16 ) . In the early 1950 # 8217 ; s, rubber suits were designed. They were used to maintain the frogman warm. These old # 8220 ; dry suits # 8221 ; were worn over long underwear and sweat suits or jumpers. The vesture acted as an dielectric, and the gum elastic suit was used to merely maintain the insularity prohibitionist. But when the easy punctured # 8220 ; dry suits # 8221 ; were torn, the insularity became wet, therefore doing the insularity to be uneffective. But a new suit, called the # 8220 ; wet suit # 8221 ; was invented. The wet suit really strapped a thin bed of H2O following to the frogman # 8217 ; s organic structure, which shortly heated up to organic structure temperature and acted as insularity. Nowadays, foam neoprene is used for all wet suits. When the demand for wet suits increased, makers developed the criterion little, medium, and big sizes. As the market continued to turn, the neoprene stuff was improved by doing it softer and more flexible. A backup was besid es added on the neoprene to increase its lastingness and service. The market grew larger still, and ready made suits came in excess little, little, medium, medium big, big, and excess big sizes. Today, about anyone can walk into a shop and come out with a good suit that fits ( Reseck 17 ) . Korell 3 Scuba diving can be really unsafe and, if non approached safely, one must cognize the safeguards and dangers before leaping into H2O to plunge. There are several ways to plunge underwater. One manner is the Pike Surface honkytonk. Start from a prone place on the surface. Sweep both weaponries back toward the hips at the same clip and flex aggressively at the hips so that the caput and bole point straight toward the underside of the pool. With thenars confronting frontward, conveying the weaponries up forcibly, in line with the caput, and raise both legs # 8211 ; straight and together # 8211 ; out of the H2O so that they, excessively, organize a consecutive line with the organic structure. Let the weight of the legs force the organic structure to submerse. Do non kick until the pess are below the surface, so either boot for greater deepness or unbend out for an submerged swim ( Counsilman and Drinkwater 29 ) . Another honkytonk is the Feet First honkytonk. Tread H2O over the topographic point where the honkytonk is to be made. Raise the organic structure out of the H2O with a strong boot and a downward push with the custodies and weaponries. Then straighten legs, point toes, and raise the weaponries operating expense. The weight of the upper organic structure and the weaponries will coerce the full organic structure under the surface. When the downward gesture Michigans, crook at the hips and, with and submerged expressway, either go on the honkytonk headfirst or degree off to swim ( Counsilman and Drinkwater 29 ) . The mask, the snorkel, and the fives are three of the most of import tools in plunging. Occasionally, H2O may ooze into the mask, or the mask may go dislodged and flooded while the frogman is under the surface. Sometimes a frogman can merely come up when the mask becomes flooded, but it may be necessary to unclutter the mask before come uping in order to hold visibleness during the acclivity. Grasp the mask Korell 4 and draw it off from the face to let the mask to inundation. Roll the caput to one side so that the face home base is turned to the surface. Keep the topmost side of the mask steadfastly against the face, and exhale into the mask through the olfactory organ. The air trapped in the mask will make full the infinite and coerce the H2O out under the underside border. Some frogmans prefer to unclutter the mask by keeping it steadfastly against the brow and leaning the caput back until they are looking up at the surface before blowing into it. Common mistakes are neglecting to lean the mask toward the surface, pressing the top border so tightly against the face that the mask is pulled off from other parts of the face, and leting air to get away under the top border of the mask by neglecting to keep the mask steadfastly in topographic point ( Counsilman and Drinkwater 31-33 ) . The snorkel is a critical tool for take a breathing underwater. Most frogmans attach the snorkel to the mask strap so it can non be easy lost underwater. First, slip the mouthpiece into the oral cavity and seize with teeth down on the gum elastic projections with dentitions. The broad rim should suit between the dentitions and lips. It is common for the snorkel, stand in shallow H2O, take a deep breath and submerge until the snorkel is wholly filled. Straighten out until the dorsum of the caput is clear of the H2O but the face is still submerged. Following, do a speedy difficult blow to unclutter the H2O from the tubing. Now you should hold a clear snorkel ( Counsilman and Drinkwater 33 ) . The fives are what make you move through the H2O in a faster and less strict manner. Walking in fives on land should non be done because they are highly awkward and could do a autumn. In shallow H2O, it is easier to walk backwards if you move easy and skid the pess along the underside. When the frogman is Korell 5 equipped with fives, the custodies are seldom used and held at the sides to assist maintain the organic structure directly. When the fives are used, the most common boot is the waver boot and is used on the surface and underwater. The legs are to remain relaxed. To acquire the full consequence of the fives and to avoid necessary weariness, boot at a somewhat slower gait than usual. The toes should remain pointed, and the fives should be wholly submerged ( Counsilman and Drinkwater 33-34 ) . When diving, the # 8220 ; brother system # 8221 ; should ever be used, and all equipment should be pla ced in range from the dive site. A brother is at that place to assist you look into your cogwheel and, when underwater, to assist you in instance of an exigency. After you are in the H2O, put on the fives, mask, and snorkel, and, transporting a weight belt, walk easy rearward to the center of a shallow country. Sit on the underside with the weight belt across your thighs. When inhaling, the organic structure should do a slow rise. If it does non lift, so the weight should be decreased. This makes the organic structure neutrally floaty. Always make certain the mouthpiece and mask are clear. Free acclivity should besides be learned in instance of exigency and the frogman must go up without his cogwheel. The acclivity is made easy, and a changeless halitus of air is required. If you hold your breath during an acclivity after take a breathing compressed air, and air intercalation can be caused. This is when air escapes the lungs and enters the blood stream, doing bubbles to organize in t he venas. These bubbles block the blood flow to the encephalon, doing decease. Always exhale during a free acclivity. The â€Å"buddy breathing† and â€Å"ditch and recover† methods are besides of import in plunging. Buddy external respiration is when you use your partners’ air during a dive if yours is non available. The mouthpiece is to be switched back and Korell 6 away every two breaths. The ditch and recovery is when a frogman ditches his cogwheel, and recovers all of it in 10 pess of H2O. These are all a few of the techniques used in scuba diving. In scuba diving, you can ever larn something new. There are may techniques to larn and can ever be improved ( Counsilman and Drinkwater 34-39 ) . In diving, there is ever a opportunity you could be hurt. Safety is important, and there are rather a few physiological concerns in the athletics. When falling in the H2O, Boyle # 8217 ; s jurisprudence goes into consequence instantly. As the H2O force per unit area environing the frogman additions, the volumes of air both inside and outside the organic structure of the organic structure lessening in size. This force per unit area creates a compacting consequence on the organic structure that can ensue in hurts called Barotrauma. This can be avoided by equalisation. The two major signifiers of Barotrauma on descent are internal and external squeezing. The sites of internal squeezing include the in-between ear, the fistulas, and, on occasion, the dentitions and bowels. As H2O force per unit area increases on descent, the air infinite in the in-between ear is reduced, doing a vacuity, with the outside H2O coercing the flexible tympanum inward. If the internal air force per unit area i s non equalized, the tympanum may go pierced. The fistula squeezing is when the fistulas are blocked. There are four fistulas that are filled with air and called the frontlet, ethmoidal, maxillary, and sphenoidal, and come in braces. The fistulas must be equalized merely like the middle-ear infinite. Due to head colds, allergic reactions, sinusitis, or smog, the fistula may go out of use, therefore doing a fistula squeezing ( Griffths 71-76 ) . External squeezings are caused by the frogmans # 8217 ; equipment, such as the mask or wetsuit. When an equipment squeezing occurs, organic structure tissues are pulled out and off Korell 7 from frogmans, instead than pushed into them. The mask squeezing, which may be the most common external squeezing, is caused by the inability to equalise the air force per unit area between the mask and the face on the frogman # 8217 ; s descent. To forestall a mask squeezing, the frogman should expire through the nose when suction is experienced on the face. A slow descent is besides a manner to assist avoid this job. A suit squeezing is another sort of squeezing to avoid. This is rare, but air pockets form between the suit and the tegument and blood vass on the surface of the tegument could tear. To forestall a suit squeezing, one must vent the suit of air and make full the former air pockets with H2O ( Griffiths 76-78 ) . The acclivity is the same to the descent in relation to Boyle # 8217 ; s jurisprudence, but in the acclivity, the encompassing force per unit area decreases, doing air pockets to spread out. The two most common types of acclivity jobs are lung overexpansion and decompression illness. In lung overexpansion, when a frogman external respiration compressed air returns to the surface, air in the lungs will spread out due to the decreasing H2O force per unit area. A frogman must breath on a regular basis on the acclivity in order to let this reexpanding air to vent itself usually. Breath keeping, uncontrolled acclivities, or airway obstruction could do the spread outing air to tear the air pouch in the lungs, leting air bubbles to come in the organic structure and ensuing in tissue harm, blood circulation obstruction, or both. Lung overexpansion can be avoided through self-denial. Divers should be able to execute a controlled acclivity at any clip, with normal external respiration or expi ring easy along the manner. Scuba frogmans must neer keep their breath while go uping ( Griffiths 78 ) . Decompression illness, aka: # 8220 ; the decompression sicknesss # 8221 ; , is one of the most feared diving maladies. With increasing deepness, the partial force per unit area of N besides increases. As Korell 8 the partial force per unit area of N elevates, it becomes more soluble in the tissues of the organic structure. At the underside, the frogman with N dissolved in the tissues and blood stream experiences no evident jobs. However, when go uping, important pressure/volume alteration occur. If the rate of acclivity is faster that the ability of the organic structure to vent N through normal external respiration, the N gas will spread out and # 8220 ; bubble-out # 8221 ; of solution. To avoid the decompression sicknesss, plunging good within the bounds of the U.S. Navy no-decompression tabular arraies and following them is the lone manner ( Griffiths 81-82 ) . Hyperventilation, or shallow H2O blackout, has more possible to happen on skin honkytonks instead that scuba honkytonks, but may happen on both. Hyperventilation consequences when rapid, forced halituss significantly lower the degrees of O and C dioxide in the blood stream, which may take to unconsciousness. To handle hyperventilation, the air passage should be opened by hyperextending the cervix, mouth-to-mouth respiration may non be necessary if the C dioxide degree construct up and triggers the external respiration mechanisms, which frequently happens ( Griffiths 85 ) . In decision, scuba diving is non a simple athletics. There are many complexnesss that go along with it. In clip, it has come along from being a hard athletics that is merely allowed for a selective few, to a athletics that about anyone can take part in. The betterment in its engineering makes it much easier for others to larn. Besides, more research has been done on it, and now there is about nil more to research about it. It is a really complex subject due to the scientific side of it. There are many scientific Torahs and there are many limitations related to it. The lone drawback of larning how to scuba honkytonk is the cost. But if you are willing to pass about $ 450 and want to larn Korell 9 a batch more about aqualung diving than the submerged part, so by all agencies # 8211 ; travel in front. After all, it is a wholly different universe down at that place. Counsilman and Drinkwater. Get downing Skin and Scuba Diving. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Printing Company, Inc. 1964. Griffiths, Tom. Sport Scuba Diving in Depth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Book Co. , Publishing. 1985. NAUI # 8211 ; Adventures In Scuba Diving. St. Louis, MO: Mosby # 8211 ; Year Book, Inc. 1995. Nonnelly, Doug. Personal Interview. 1 Nov. 1998. Reseck, John. Scuba # 8211 ; Safe and Simple. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc. 1975.